Breeds of swine swine production is a highly scientific and specialized business in american agriculture. When i did mine this semester, i actually did a beef breed debate. Starting pig farming business plan pdf startupbiz global. Unesco eolss sample chapters agricultural sciences vol. Maintaining productivity in livestock breeds is best accomplished by combining two sometimes separate strategies. A summary of swine crossbreeding research at university. A summary of swine crossbreeding research at auburn university steve b. Swine flu, also called hog or pi g fl u, is an infection caused by any one of the several types of swine influen za virus siv whi ch is common throughout p ig popul ation w orld wide. Many factors influence the profitability of a swine production unit. The following estimated farrowtofinish swine budget includes three dif ferent production levels, i. Breeds of pigslandrace department of primary industries. The two most common styles are spirettes with counterclockwise threads on the tip, and rods with a rounded foam tip. System nahms collected data on swine health and management practices from a stratified random sample of swine production sites in 17 states1 as part of the swine 2000 study. Background basics a breed is defined as a group of animals with a common origin which are distinguished by characteristics within a specie.
Breeds of swine macy vansickle bryan county oces youth development educator landrace originated in denmark large drooped ears known for their maternal instincts white long berkshire one of the oldest breeds, originated in england black with white legs, snout and switch known for fast and efficient growth and reproductive efficiency erect ears chester white originated in chester county. Swine genetics international, ai manual online ai manual back to the table of contents u. According to the foreign agricultural statistics web site, the total world hog numbers in 1999 were 762 million head. The replacement of crossbred pigs was to meet increased demand for pork by the growing population and family income. March, 1917 r p, iiere are two distinct types of swine, the lard and the bacon types. Pedigree analysis of 5 swine breeds in the united states. Breeds of livestock swine breeds breeds of livestock. Berkshire berkshires are black with six white points the tip of the tail, nose, and four feet and have erect. It is high in protein, usually from sugar and milk proteins for high energy. To date, no such breedwide analysis has been performed for us. Describe the economic implications of the swine industry. General interests include verbally abusing the growth of technology and.
Exotic breeds the most common pig breeds for commercial pig production are the yorkshire, landrace, hampshire, duroc, and tibetan, tamworth and meishan breeds and their crosses. Landrace pigs were imported into australia from 1959 until 1973. Prewritten pig farming business plan pdf, word and excel. Mark knauer, north carolina state university and tim safranski, university of missouri.
Breeds of swine the major breeds of swine include the berkshire, chester white, duroc, hampshire, landrace, pietrain, poland, spotted, and yorkshire. Moeller the ohio state university, columbus, ohio, usa. The berkshire, as seen above, has a few characteristic traits that makes them stand out. Despite the crises facing the swine industry, still many people are venturing in this enterprise. Introduction to the swine industry adventures in agriculture. Most of these pigs came from new zealand 80% and the remainder were imported from the united kingdom. Introduction to the swine industry 3 some producers operate on a contract basis. How to breed pigs sustainable farming mother earth news. Today, spots are known for their feed efficiency, rate of gain and carcass quality. In addition, commercial producers appreciate spotted females for their productivity, docility and. National swine nutrition guide preface, acknowledgements, and table of contents factors affecting nutrient recommendations for swine understanding the nutrient recommendations in the national swine nutrition guide energy sources for swine diets protein and amino acid sources for swine diets. China ranks highest in the production of hogs, which amount to 422.
Ashbrook animal husbandry division farmers rulletin 765 united states department of agriculture contribution from the rureau of animal industry a. Those eight breeds are berkshire, chester white, duroc, hampshire. Over 500,000 individual records are in the data bank for growth, backfat and. National genetics evaluation the american duroc, hampshire, landrace and yorkshire breeds have been utilizing a national genetic evaluation system for several years now. Archaeological evidence from the middle east indicates domestication of the pig occurs as early as 9,000 years ago, with some evidence for domestication even earlier in china. Major swine breeds duroc the thirdmost recorded breed of swine in the united states, berkshires are known for fast and efficient growth, reproductive efficiency, cleanness and meat flavor and value. Farm management guide mf292 farrowtofinish swine costreturn budget production level costs per unit and net returns in livestock production are highly dependent on production levels. In the strict sense, all members of a breed are related. Hog raising in the philippines is a very popular enterprise such that there is a proliferation of backyard producers, which dominates the swine industry and a healthy viable commercial sector. This takes many generations of fullsib or parentoffspring matings to accomplish.
History of swine production history of swine ancestors asia and europe 25 million years ago domestication 6,000 to 8,000 bc biblical accounts ancestors of todays domestic pigs european wild boar pigs of chinese origin european wild boar characteristics of swinechinese pig how did pigs get to the north america and the usa. The meat quality of the berkshire is unique because it has a greater proportion of lean meat intermixed with streaks of fat. If you link to such site, please be aware that you are then subject to the policies of that site. They are pieces of skin and meat that were browned.
Pork producers are encouraged to employ a comprehensive feeding program based on sound principles and tailored to the operation. Swine mating practices reproductive performance is an integral part of pork production. The national swine nutrition guide nsng, which includes. Pedigree analysis of 5 swine breeds in the united states and the implications for doi. Comprehensive version, short fundingbank loan version and automated financial statements. These links are maintained solely for the users information and convenience. Landrace, poland china, spotted swine and yorkshire.
Nutrition and the economics of swine management michael a. These breeds produce lean meat combined with efficient feed conversion. Thats a great way to get the students to research with a purpose and get to know the breeds in depth rather than just to scan. Swine breeds coloring pages i ask my students to fix the ears depending on the breed characteristics erect, drooping, etc. Swine production class is a writing intensive class. Breeds of swine picture provided by prairie state berkshire the berkshire breed has long been known for its efficiency in gaining weight. Analysis workbook financial page 4 balance sheet instructions and explanations. For these projects, students must follow these steps. Disposable swine insemination rods come in a variety of shapes.
Preckel abstract current methods of formulating animal rations lead to excess nutrient excretion which can potentially lead to excess manure nutrients and an increase in economic costs. Simply add information to this form as long as you own the animal listed below and include in your swine breeding project each year. Many breeders in central indiana specialized in breeding spotted hogs through the years. Farrowing rates and litter size can be affected significantly by mating practices.
Swine husbandry common breeds of exotic originnomenclature alone housing of pigs. The company owns the pigs and finances the operation, and the producer provides the facilities, equipment, and labor. The company makes many of the decisions about how the pigs are managed. Using expected progeny differences for swine selection.
These methods do not recognize the impact of diminishing returns. I overview of world swine and pork production steven j. As a result, any seedstock producer is practicing some inbreeding. Swine it is believed that the majority of the breeds we now know are descended from the eurasian wild boar sus scrofa. Major swine breeds include duroc, bershire, yorkshire, landrace, spotted, hampshire, poland china, and chester white.
Breed character is defined as the characteristics that allow the breed of the individual animal to be easily determined. Using expected progeny differences for swine selection m. Pedigree analysis of 5 swine breeds in the united states 1611 sis of that breed in the united states since the 1930s willham, 1937, and wiggans et al. Everything the business owns and owes is listed on. The spotted swine breed are white hogs with prominent black spots. Usually closed minded to have anything to do with the 1960s and above. The balance sheet or net worth statement is a snapshot of the financial position of the farm business at a given point in time. Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety dr.
These breeds produce lean meat combined with efficient feed conversion 3 kg of good feed is needed to produce 1 kg of pork. The largest importers of pork are japan, russia, hong kong, china, south korea and mexico. Compared to the poland china, which has many of the same markings, the berkshire also a somewhat distinct figure. This price remains a record for the amount paid for any australian breed of pig. Therefore, we generally reserve the term inbreeding for the mating of animals that are. The fad prep swine industry manual may refer to links to various other federal and state agencies and private organizations. It contains permanent identification, production and health records. The spotted swine breed is characterized by large, blackandwhite spots. Breed verb mating a boar and gilt or sow to produce piglets. This semester, teams of students will prepare four videos and upload them to youtube. Your project leader will assist you in setting and achieving your goals.
Swine quiz bowl study guide extension dodge county. African swine fever asf is a devastating disease of domestic pigs caused by a unique virus that originally evolved in east and southern africa in an obscure cycle that was confined to its. The individual producer signs a contract to produce pigs for a company. Berkshire hogs have possessed their excellent carcass quality since the early 1800s. As you grow your pig farming business you will be able to export the pork to other countries. Differences between these breeds are apparent in ear type and color variation. This breed is known foremost for meat quality, with some backfat, but great marbling of the carcass. Through your project, you will learn animal care basics, good management practices and record keeping. All are designed to lock into the cervix of the sow or gilt. The domestic pigs headplusbody length ranges from 0.
Buchanan and others published breeds of pigs find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Control of inbreeding for productivity and genetic conservation in swine by. Full text of breeds of swine see other formats mar 24 1917 breeds of swine f. Inbreeding is the mating of individuals that are related. Swine nutrition and feeding management is a complex process. It is variously considered a subspecies of the eurasian boar or a distinct species.
The domestic pig sus scrofa domesticus or only sus domesticus, often called swine, hog, or simply pig when there is no need to distinguish it from other pigs, is a domesticated large, eventoed ungulate. Introduction to swine production 2 swine facts body temperature 102. Control of inbreeding for productivity and genetic. Comparison of carcass composition, performance, and tissue. This breed origin is controversial, but recent work on molecular genetic characterization has admitted that local pigs breeds could come from the middle east through egypt and from the fareast. The study was undertaken to characterize breed features, reproductive performance, breeding practice, breed selection criteria and herd replacement in ethiopian swine production systems. Breeds of pigs landrace nsw department of primary industries. Lesson introduction to the swine industry estimated time 50 minutes student outcome describe the importance of the swine industry in missouri and the united states. Extension swine specialist department of animal science north carolina state university. Explain how the swine industry evolved in the united states. Crossbreeding and hybrid vigor iowa pork industry center.
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