Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between dna, rna and protein biosynthesis as well as learning how these interactions are regulated. Chemically, dna is a very stable molecule, a characteristic important for a macromolecule that may have to persist in an intact form for a long period of time before its information is. Microbial communities in the foliage of wild bromeliads exhibit remarkably stable functional community structure despite large variation in taxonomic composition, indicating that nonneutral. Ghada abou elella lecturer of biochemistrylecturer of biochemistry faculty of vet. Motifs include hth, zincfingers, leucine zipper, tata binding protein. Mathematics of nucleic acids, followed by the workshop mathematics of molecular and cellular biology, held september 1521 at the ima. It also interacts with regulatory proteins through a sequence motif known as pcna interacting protein box pipbox. Dna helicase causes the dna molecules to unwind or unzip. Structure and function ofstructure and function of dnadna dr. Junk dna has long been believed to have some sort of function, we are just unsure of what that function is most likely regulatory. Other important topics include the mechanisms by which proteins engage dna sequences andor alter dna structure. Read and learn for free about the following article. Medicine south valley universitysouth valley university 2.
However, better understanding of their interactions with different tissues and organs is needed to establish specific design criteria. Mathematics of dna structure, function, and interactions. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. All traits derive from the interactions of proteins with each other and the. Structurefunction relationship in dnabinding proteins. Mathematics of dna structure, function and interactions the ima volumes in mathematics and its applications. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of the molecular properties and. Mathematical slices of molecular biology citeseerx.
T obias, the elastic rod model for dna and its application to the tertiary structure of dna minicircles in mononucleosomes, biophys. Coiled coils and fourhelix bundle, rop protein design, alphadomain proteins ii. Nucleosomes allow the large amounts of material in human dna to be packaged into a size small enough to fit into a cell. Enzymes that manipulate and control the geometry and topology of cellular dna perform many important cellular processes,including segregation of daughter chromosomes, gene regulation, dna repair, and generation of antibody diversity. Just keep in mind that dna is actually the instruction manual for organisms and even though all of our organisms are using the same 5 nucleic acids for building and replicating dna, it actually is the order that is making us the ones we are. Dna was in the nucleus but proteins were made in the cytoplasm 2. With the 50th aniversary of the discovery of the dna structure by james. The ima volumes in mathematics and its applications 150. The basebase interaction that contributes the most to the stabilization of the double helix is.
After years of research, he decided that his work had to contain a strong philosophical justification in order to stand the test of time. Nitrogenous base n attaches to 1c of sugar double or single ring four bases adenine. Pdf the mathematics of dna sturcture, mechanics, and dynamics. Although the information they carry is onedimensional, it is essential to understand the 3d structure of nucleic acids. Genetic recombination is important in the repair of double strand dna breaks, the processing of stalled replication forks and in the generation of genetic diversity in evolution. In eukaryotes, there are many replication forks along a strand of dna. In this section, we will discuss the basic structure and function of dna. Dna structure and function if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Muskhelishvili dependent on the intrinsic superhelicity or on direct enzymatic manipulation to the short 10 region. Functions of dna and summary of structure dna consists of four basesa, g, c, and tthat are held in linear array by phosphodiester bonds through the 3 and 5 positions of adjacent deoxyribose moieties.
Cozzarelli, a dynamic leader who fostered research and training at the. The understanding of the biological importance of rna in cellular. Applications to chromosome organization and sitespecific recombination. High taxonomic variability despite stable functional. Controlling dnananoparticle serum interactions pnas. The information encoded by dna is both digital the precise base specifying, for example, amino acid sequences and analogue. Structure and dynamics of the fourway dna junction. The mechanism by which gyrase is able to influence the topological state of dna molecules is of inherent. Dna and proteins makeup the majority of the approx. Rna synthesis in the nucleus was exported to the cytoplasm.
During this process, two homologous dna molecules undergo strand exchange to form a fourway dna holliday junction. A number of proteins recognize dna using a variety of structural motifs. We argue that, in addition to its coding function, the ability of dna, unlike rna, to adopt a bdna structure confers advantages both for information accessibility and for packaging. The book provides a simple yet comprehensive introduction to nearly all aspects of dna structure. Just as cells have dna, so mathematics has dna in its structure. Maryland council of teachers of mathematics mctm annual conference dundalk, md.
Dna mathematics our vision for professional development pd is to build a solid foundation of content knowledge for teaching mathematics and ultimately to extend that knowledge to students through the implementation of the tqe process from the making sense of mathematics for teaching series, led by dixon, nolan, adams, et al. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna is an essential factor in dna replication and repair. The discovery of dna structure 55 years ago marked the beginning of a process that has transformed the foundations of biology and medicine, and accelerated the development of new. Gyrase belongs to a class of enzymes known as topoisomerases that are involved in the control of topological transitions of dna. Abstractdna gyrase is an essential bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the atpdependent negative supercoiling of doublestranded closedcircular dna. Dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and its a fascinating molecule. Copying errors cannot be the source of evolutionary progress, because if that were true, eventually all the letters would be equally probable. Mathematics and computation ias school of mathematics. Nucleotide monomer nitrogenous bases b 5c sugar s phosphate p nucleotide structure 1. Mathematics of dna structure, function and interactions. March 27, 2018 acknowledgments in this book i tried to present some of the knowledge and understanding i acquired in my four decades in the eld. In mechanisms of microbial genetics, we will discuss in detail the ways in which dna uses its own base sequence to direct its own synthesis, as well as the synthesis of rna and proteins, which, in turn, gives rise to products with diverse structure and function.
The dna and eight histones form a structure called a nucleosome. The papers give and overview of stateoftheart mathematical approaches to the understanding of dna structure and function, and the interaction of dna with proteins that mediate vital life processes. Today, we know much about dna, its properties, and function. Discussion includes the notions of the linking number, writhe, and twist of closed dna, elastic rod models, sequencedependent basepair level models, statistical. It forms a homotrimeric ring that embraces the dna and slides along it, anchoring dna polymerases and other dna editing enzymes. Dna or deoxyribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid. Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another. Structural biology and amino acids, history of macromolecular crystallography, amino acid chirality, noncovalent interactions and ramachandran map, secondary structures. Real valued function of the real variable, domain and range of these.
The mathematics of dna 295 the dna of any organism must be folded and packed in a complicated fashion in order to. These simple but important model interactions are then placed in the broader biological context with discussion of larger proteindna complexes. Their main function is to maintain and transmit the genetic code. This 3d structure dictates their organization, functions and interactions with proteins. National council of teachers of mathematics nctm regional conference salt lake city, ut. Department of biological sciences mathematics of dna structure, function and interactions. Selected papers based on the presentations at the workshop, september 1621, 2007, minneapolis, mn, usa. Dna structure and function, a timely and comprehensive resource, is intended for any student or scientist interested in dna structure and its biological implications. Basti, the explanation is straightforward though not simple. The term junk has just stuck around from an older time. Dnamediated nanoparticle assembly is an emerging concept to design drug delivery vehicles that can modify their structure or function in response to the in vivo environment. Pdf mathematics of dna structure, function and interactions. Dna structure and function there is a certain type of chemical bonding between the paired nucleotides on each strand of dna which helps maintain the doublehelix structure of dna by attracting each strand to the other.
Dna is organized into two strands by the pairing of bases a to t and g to c on complementary strands. The junction adopts a folded structure in the presence of divalent metal ions. The mathematics of dna sturcture, mechanics, and dynamics. All cells in an organism have the same genetic content, but the genes used expressed by the cell may be regulated in different ways. This chapter discusses the structure and function of dna. Transcription is the synthesis of rna using dna as a template. The main source of this knowledge was the theory of computation community, which has been my academic and social home throughout this period. Cellular dna is a long, threadlike molecule with remarkably complex topology. This volume is dedicated to the memory of nicholas r.
It contains a personal remembrance of nick cozzarelli, plus 15 papers contributed by workshop speakers. It also explains current ideas on the biological significance of classic and alternative dna conformations. With the discovery of the molecular structure of the dna. Early evidence suggesting an rna intermediate between dna and proteins 1.
Mathematics of dna structure, function and interactions the ima. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Mathematics of dna structure, function and interactions craig. Its one of two basic types of nucleic acids, the other being.
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